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Advances in understanding species ecology: phenological and life cycle modeling of insect pests

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Advances in understanding species ecology: phenological and life cycle modeling of insect pestsThe modeling of insect phenology has been an important component of IPM decision support systems for several decades. This chapter describes general concepts and methods of the systems approach using applied phenology modeling as an example. The authors outline the steps of model construction from a systems perspective, and then discuss funding challenges, types of resources, and major sources of error in phenology model development and

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their benefits in terms of the behaviour and welfare of the birds and their potential for contributing to more efficient and sustainable production models

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and practitioners alike will find sufficient depth in each article

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